Nictitans Gland Prolapse
“Cherry Eye”
A nictitans gland prolapse is an abnormal eversion, or “flipping out”, of the tear gland located behind the third eyelid or nictitans. This gland is responsible for 30-50% of the tears needed to lubricate the eye.
Cause
The exact cause of this condition is unknown. It is believed to be a weakness of the fibrous attachment that holds the gland in it’s appropriate place. The gland may become cystic and flip out of normal position. Certain breeds of dogs are prone to developing a “cherry eye”, although many other breeds may be affected. Breeds commonly affected include the American Cocker Spaniel, English Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Shar Pei, and Giant Breeds. The condition more commonly occurs in younger dogs than older dogs.
Symptoms
Most pet owners will notice a pink tissue in the inside corner on the affected eye. The gland can disappear and reappear, initially, before it finally remains in the abnormal position. The longer the gland is exposed, the redder it may appear.
Treatment
Prolapsed glands left untreated can become inflamed, cause excessive tearing, and may obstruct vision. If the gland is exposed for a prolonged period of time, the tear production can be decreased and dry eye syndrome may develop. Simply removing the gland may result in dry eye, especially in breeds predisposed to dry eye. For this reason, removal is not recommended and instead should be surgically replaced to the normal position. Occasionally, complications where the glad will re-prolapse occur, and a repeat surgery is recommended. Third eyelid swelling and ocular discharge is common for 5 to 7 days after surgery.
Breeding of Dogs with a Nictitans Gland Prolapse
Currently, the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) and the Canine Animal Eye Registry (OFA) have no restrictions for breeding of dogs with nictitans gland prolapse. However, if there is a familial history of this condition, restrictions of breeding should be considered.